Pass by Reference in C++

Always try to pass objects by reference in C++ in funcation calls as it offers following advantages -

1. Efficient -
Pass by refernce just uses aliases for the object being passed. It does not make copy of the object.

2. Safe -
As reference variable is used for passing the object, possibility of NULL value is avoided.

3. Multiple value return -
Using the reference variable, one can make changes to the members of the object and return as a reference object. Thus, many changed values can be returned.